BioMCQs.com — 27,000+ Biology MCQs, CBT Mock Tests & Syllabi for 45 Examinations
India's premier biological and life sciences examination preparation portal. Master 45 national and state competitive examinations with peer-verified multiple choice questions, authentic NTA/GATE computer-based simulation tests, section-wise marking analytics, and detailed scientific rationales.
Explore 45 Major Biology & Life Sciences Examinations
National Research Fellowships & Lecturership (JRF / NET)
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CSIR NET Life Sciences (JRF & LS) (CSIR_NET_LS)
National level examination for Junior Research Fellowship (JRF) and Lectureship eligibility in Life Sciences.
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DBT-JRF Biotechnology Eligibility Test (BET) (DBT_BET)
National level fellowship examination conducted by NTA / Regional Centre for Biotechnology (RCB) on behalf of the Department of Biotechnology (DBT), Govt. of India, for the award of DBT-Junior Research Fellowship in Biotechnology and Applied Biology.
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ICMR-JRF (Biomedical Sciences & Life Sciences) (ICMR_JRF)
Conducted by Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) and PGIMER Chandigarh. Premier national fellowship examination awarding Junior Research Fellowships (JRF) in Biomedical Sciences, Molecular Medicine, Genetics, Virology, Immunology, and Microbiology across 27 ICMR national institutes, medical colleges, and universities across India.
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ICAR ARS (Scientist) / ASRB NET (ICAR_ARS)
Agricultural Scientists Recruitment Board (ASRB) - ICAR Agricultural Research Service (ARS) and National Eligibility Test (NET). All-India competitive examination for direct recruitment to Scientist positions (Group 'A' Gazetted) in ICAR institutes and determining eligibility for Lecturership / Assistant Professorship in State Agricultural Universities (SAUs).
Graduate & Engineering Gateways (GATE / JAM / Masters)
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GATE Biotechnology (BT) (GATE_BT)
Graduate Aptitude Test in Engineering for Biotechnology admissions (M.Tech/Ph.D.) and PSU recruitments.
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GATE Life Sciences (XL) (GATE_XL)
GATE paper comprising mandatory Chemistry and selectable life science sub-disciplines.
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IIT JAM Biotechnology (IITs / IISc) (IIT_JAM_BT)
Joint Admission test for Masters (Biotechnology) conducted rotatively by the Indian Institutes of Technology (IITs) for admission to M.Sc. Biotechnology, M.Sc. Applied Genetics, and Joint M.Sc.-Ph.D. at IIT Bombay, IIT Roorkee, IIT Indore, IIT Gandhinagar, and IISc Bengaluru. The paper evaluates Biology (44%), Chemistry (20%), Mathematics (18%), and Physics (18%).
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GAT-B (Biotechnology / JNU CEEB) (GAT_B)
National entrance examination conducted by the Regional Centre for Biotechnology (RCB) / NTA under the Department of Biotechnology (DBT), Government of India, for admission to DBT-supported M.Sc. Biotechnology (including Jawaharlal Nehru University JNU School of Biotechnology - SBT, Banaras Hindu University - BHU, Pune University, and 60+ DBT-supported universities; formerly known as JNU CEEB). All admitted students receive a DBT monthly fellowship of ₹12,000/month.
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CUET-PG Life Sciences (JNU SLS / SCQP17) (CUET_PG_LS)
Central Universities Entrance Test (PG) conducted by the National Testing Agency (NTA) for postgraduate admission to M.Sc. Life Sciences at the Jawaharlal Nehru University (JNU) School of Life Sciences (SLS), Special Centre for Molecular Medicine (SCMM), Delhi University (DU), Banaras Hindu University (BHU), and Central Universities nationwide under test paper code SCQP17.
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TIFR GS / JGEEBILS (NCBS & TIFR) (JGEEBILS)
Joint Graduate Entrance Examination for Biology and Interdisciplinary Life Sciences (TIFR GS / JGEEBILS) conducted by the Tata Institute of Fundamental Research. Premier national gateway for Integrated M.Sc.-Ph.D. and Direct Ph.D. admissions at TIFR (Mumbai & Hyderabad), NCBS Bengaluru, inStem, all 7 IISERs, IISc (Int. Ph.D.), NBRC, ACTREC/TMC, and RGCB. Renowned for analytical rigor, biophysical methods, quantitative genetics, and experimental logic.
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AIIMS M.Sc. (Medical Life Sciences & BT) (AIIMS_MSC)
All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS, New Delhi) postgraduate entrance examination for admission to M.Sc. Biotechnology, M.Sc. Medical Biochemistry, M.Sc. Medical Physiology, M.Sc. Medical Pharmacology, M.Sc. Biophysics, and M.Sc. Reproductive Biology and Clinical Embryology across AIIMS New Delhi and apex AIIMS institutions. Rigorous clinical and medical sciences orientation.
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ICAR AIEEA-PG (Plant Biotechnology & Agri-Sciences) (ICAR_AIEEA_PG)
Indian Council of Agricultural Research All India Entrance Examination for Admission to Master Degree Programs (ICAR AIEEA-PG) conducted by NTA for admission to M.Sc. and M.Tech. programs in Plant Biotechnology, Molecular Biology & Biotechnology, Plant Biochemistry, Plant Physiology, and Agricultural Sciences across ICAR-IARI (Pusa New Delhi), IVRI, NDRI, and 70+ State Agricultural Universities. Admitted scholars receive ICAR National Talent Scholarship (NTS).
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NIPER JEE (M.Tech. Pharm. & Biotechnology) (NIPER_JEE)
National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research Joint Entrance Examination (NIPER JEE) for admission to M.Tech. (Pharm.) Biotechnology, M.S. (Pharm.) Biotechnology, M.S. (Pharm.) Pharmacology & Toxicology, and Pharmacoinformatics across NIPER Mohali, Ahmedabad, Hyderabad, Guwahati, Raebareli, Kolkata, and Hajipur. Focuses on pharmaceutical biotechnology, biologics, downstream processing, pharmacology, and drug mechanisms.
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FSSAI Central Food Safety Officer & Technical Officer (FSSAI_CFSO)
Conducted by Food Safety and Standards Authority of India (FSSAI) under Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India. Central competitive recruitment for Central Food Safety Officer (CFSO) and Technical Officer (TO) positions overseeing food microbiology, biotechnology, biochemical analysis, and food safety standards.
Medical & Allied Sciences Entrance
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NEET-UG (Medical Entrance) (NEET_UG)
National Eligibility cum Entrance Test for MBBS and BDS admissions in India.
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IISER Aptitude Test (IAT — Biological Sciences) (IISER_IAT)
Conducted by the Joint Admissions Committee for admission to BS-MS dual degree and BS programs across all 7 Indian Institutes of Science Education and Research (IISER Berhampur, Bhopal, Kolkata, Mohali, Pune, Thiruvananthapuram, Tirupati), IISc Bangalore (BS Research), and IIT Madras.
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NEST (National Entrance Screening Test - NISER & CEBS) (NEST_BIO)
Conducted jointly by National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), Bhubaneswar and UM-DAE Centre for Excellence in Basic Sciences (CEBS), Mumbai under the Department of Atomic Energy (DAE), Government of India. Premier gateway for admission to the 5-year Integrated M.Sc. program in Biological Sciences with DISHA scholarship.
Premier Scientific Research Institutions
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BARC OCES / DGFS Biosciences (Scientific Officer 'C') (BARC_BIOSCIENCES)
Conducted by Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC), Department of Atomic Energy (DAE), Government of India. Flagship examination for recruitment of Trainee Scientific Officers under OCES/DGFS programs, leading to direct appointment as Scientific Officer 'C' (Group 'A' Central Civil Services Gazetted Officer) in BARC, IGCAR, RRCAT, VECC, and other DAE units. Tests deep post-graduate conceptual biology with high-yield focus on radiation biology, radioisotope biophysics, biochemistry, genetics, and molecular mechanisms.
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DRDO RAC Scientist 'B' (Life Sciences & Biotechnology) (DRDO_RAC)
Conducted by Recruitment and Assessment Centre (RAC), Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO), Ministry of Defence. Selects Group 'A' Gazetted Scientist 'B' officers for elite defence research labs: DIPAS (Physiology & Allied Sciences), DFRL (Food Research), and INMAS (Nuclear Medicine & Allied Sciences).
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AIIMS New Delhi Ph.D. Entrance (Biomedical Sciences) (AIIMS_PHD)
Conducted nationally by All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi twice a year (January and July sessions) for admission to Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) programs in Biochemistry, Biophysics, Biotechnology, Microbiology, Clinical Immunology, Physiology, and Oncology.
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BINC (Bioinformatics National Certification) (BINC)
National level certification and research fellowship examination conducted by the Department of Biotechnology (DBT), Govt. of India, to certify bioinformaticians and award DBT-BINC-JRF doctoral fellowships.
School Lecturership & Teaching Commissions (PGT Biology)
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KVS PGT Biology (Kendriya Vidyalaya Sangathan) (KVS_PGT_BIO)
Conducted by Kendriya Vidyalaya Sangathan (KVS), Ministry of Education, Government of India. Flagship national direct recruitment for Post Graduate Teacher (PGT Biology) in Central Schools across India. Tests comprehensive NCERT Class 11-12 curriculum with post-graduate subject depth.
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DSSSB PGT Biology (Delhi Directorate of Education) (DSSSB_PGT_BIO)
Conducted by Delhi Subordinate Services Selection Board (DSSSB), Government of NCT of Delhi. Direct recruitment for Post Graduate Teacher (PGT Biology) in Delhi Government Directorate of Education schools.
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UP PGT Biology (UPSESSB / UP Secondary Education) (UP_PGT_BIO)
Conducted by Uttar Pradesh Secondary Education Service Selection Board (UPSESSB / UP Education Commission). Direct recruitment examination for Biology Lecturers (PGT Biology) in UP Aided Intermediate Colleges.
State Eligibility Tests (SET / SLET) & State PSC Assistant Professor
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MH-SET Life Sciences (Maharashtra & Goa SET - Assistant Professor) (MH_SET)
Maharashtra State Eligibility Test (MH-SET) conducted by Savitribai Phule Pune University (SPPU) as the Nodal Agency for Maharashtra & Goa. State-level qualifying examination for appointment as Assistant Professor in Universities and Affiliated Colleges across Maharashtra and Goa.
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WB-SET Life Sciences (West Bengal SET - Assistant Professor) (WB_SET)
West Bengal State Eligibility Test (WB-SET) conducted by The West Bengal College Service Commission (WBCSC). Official eligibility credential for appointment as Assistant Professor in Universities, Government Colleges, and Aided Degree Colleges throughout West Bengal.
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KSET Life Sciences (Karnataka State Eligibility Test - Assistant Professor) (KSET)
Karnataka State Eligibility Test (KSET) conducted by Karnataka Examination Authority (KEA) / University of Mysore. Mandatory eligibility benchmark for Assistant Professor recruitment in First Grade Degree Colleges and Universities throughout Karnataka.
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APSET / TSSET Life Sciences (AP & Telangana SET - Assistant Professor) (AP_SET)
Andhra Pradesh & Telangana State Eligibility Test (APSET / TSSET) conducted by Andhra University / Osmania University. Mandatory state eligibility certificate for recruitment and career advancement as Assistant Professor in Universities and Degree Colleges of Andhra Pradesh and Telangana.
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GSET Life Sciences (Gujarat State Eligibility Test - Assistant Professor) (GSET)
Official Gujarat State Eligibility Test conducted by The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda for Assistant Professor lectureship qualification across Gujarat universities and colleges.
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TNSET Life Sciences (Tamil Nadu State Eligibility Test - Assistant Professor) (TNSET)
UGC-accredited Tamil Nadu State Eligibility Test for Assistant Professor recruitment across Government, Aided, and Autonomous Arts & Science Colleges in Tamil Nadu.
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Kerala SET / Kerala PSC (Life Sciences, Botany & Zoology - Assistant Professor) (KERALA_SET)
Conducted by LBS Centre for Science and Technology and Kerala PSC for collegiate education lectureship and higher secondary school teacher appointments across Kerala.
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NE-SLET Life Sciences (North East SLET - 8 States Assistant Professor) (NE_SLET)
Accredited by UGC for 8 North Eastern States (Assam, Arunachal Pradesh, Mizoram, Manipur, Meghalaya, Nagaland, Sikkim, and Tripura) for Assistant Professor appointments.
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RPSC Assistant Professor (College Education - Botany, Zoology & Life Sci) (RPSC_AP)
Rajasthan Public Service Commission (RPSC) Assistant Professor Recruitment Examination for College Education Department. Direct competitive written screening for permanent Gazetted Assistant Professor appointments in Government Colleges across Rajasthan.
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BPSC Assistant Professor (Bihar Public Service Commission - Botany & Zoology) (BPSC_AP)
Bihar Public Service Commission recruitment for Assistant Professors in Botany, Zoology, and Life Sciences in Universities and Govt. Constituent Colleges across Bihar.
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MPPSC Assistant Professor (Madhya Pradesh Higher Education - Life Sciences) (MPPSC_AP)
Madhya Pradesh Public Service Commission (MPPSC) Assistant Professor Examination. Direct state-level recruitment examination for permanent Assistant Professor posts in Government Colleges across Madhya Pradesh.
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HPSC Assistant Professor (Haryana Higher Education - Life Sci & Biotech) (HPSC_AP)
Haryana Public Service Commission (HPSC) Assistant Professor Recruitment Examination for Higher Education Department, Govt of Haryana. Direct recruitment screening test for College Cadre Assistant Professors.
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GPSC Assistant Professor (Govt Science Colleges — Life Sciences) (GPSC_AP)
Conducted by Gujarat Public Service Commission (GPSC). Direct recruitment examination for the post of Assistant Professor (Gujarat Educational Service, Class-II) in Botany, Zoology, Microbiology, and Life Sciences in Government Arts, Science & Commerce Colleges of Gujarat.
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OPSC Assistant Professor (Odisha Public Service Commission - Life Sciences & Botany) (OPSC_AP)
Odisha Public Service Commission recruitment for Assistant Professor (Stage I) in State Universities and Government Degree Colleges of Odisha.
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CGPSC Assistant Professor (Higher Education — Botany & Zoology) (CGPSC_AP)
Conducted by Chhattisgarh Public Service Commission (CGPSC). Direct recruitment examination for the post of Assistant Professor in Botany and Zoology in Government Colleges across Chhattisgarh Higher Education Department.
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JKPSC Assistant Professor (Higher Education — Bio-Sciences) (JKPSC_AP)
Conducted by Jammu and Kashmir Public Service Commission (JKPSC). Direct recruitment examination for the post of Assistant Professor in Botany, Zoology, Biotechnology, and Bio-Sciences in Government Degree Colleges across Jammu & Kashmir Higher Education Department.
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UKPSC Assistant Professor (Govt Colleges — Botany & Zoology) (UKPSC_AP)
Conducted by Uttarakhand Public Service Commission (UKPSC). Direct recruitment examination for the post of Assistant Professor in Botany, Zoology, and Environmental Science in Government Degree Colleges under Uttarakhand Higher Education Department.
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UPHESC Assistant Professor (UP Aided Colleges - Life Sciences) (UPHESC_AP)
Uttar Pradesh Higher Education Services Commission (UPHESC / UPESSC) Assistant Professor Examination. Direct recruitment to permanent faculty posts in Government-Aided Post Graduate and Degree Colleges across Uttar Pradesh.
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UPPSC GDC Assistant Professor (UP Govt Degree Colleges - Botany & Zoology) (UPPSC_GDC)
Uttar Pradesh Public Service Commission (UPPSC, Prayagraj) Government Degree College (GDC) Screening Examination. Direct recruitment to permanent Gazetted Assistant Professor posts in Higher Education Department Govt Degree Colleges across Uttar Pradesh.
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TN TRB Assistant Professor (Govt Arts & Science Colleges) (TN_TRB_AP)
Conducted by Tamil Nadu Teachers Recruitment Board (TN TRB). Direct competitive written examination for Assistant Professor in Botany, Zoology, and Biotechnology in Government Arts and Science Colleges and Colleges of Education across Tamil Nadu.
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TSPSC Degree College Lecturer / Asst Professor (Botany & Zoology) (TSPSC_DL)
Conducted by Telangana State Public Service Commission (TSPSC). Direct recruitment examination for the post of Degree College Lecturer (DL) / Assistant Professor in Botany, Zoology, and Biotechnology in Government Collegiate Education Department, Telangana.
Master 17 Core Biological Disciplines
Plant Biology & Taxonomy
2 Core Topic Modules • Verified Questions
Practice Plant Biology & Taxonomy →Animal & Human Physiology
3 Core Topic Modules • Verified Questions
Practice Animal & Human Physiology →Biotechnology & Genetic Engineering
2 Core Topic Modules • Verified Questions
Practice Biotechnology & Genetic Engineering →Bioinformatics & Computational Biology
2 Core Topic Modules • Verified Questions
Practice Bioinformatics & Computational Biology →Biophysical Techniques & Instrumentation
3 Core Topic Modules • Verified Questions
Practice Biophysical Techniques & Instrumentation →Featured Diagnostic Biology Questions & Detailed Rationales
Molecular Biology • CSIR NET • GATE
Q1. During eukaryotic DNA replication, which enzyme complex is responsible for synthesizing the short RNA primer followed by initiator DNA?
- DNA Polymerase β
- Topoisomerase II
- DNA Polymerase α / Primase complex (Correct Answer)
- Helicase (MCM2-7 complex)
Scientific Rationale:
In eukaryotic DNA replication, DNA Polymerase α exists as a four-subunit complex tightly associated with primase activity. It initiates replication by synthesizing an RNA primer of approximately 10 ribonucleotides followed by 20–30 deoxynucleotides (initiator DNA). Due to lack of 3′→5′ exonuclease proofreading activity, Pol α is promptly replaced through polymerase switching by processive high-fidelity polymerases: Pol δ on the lagging strand and Pol ε on the leading strand.
Biochemistry • Thermodynamics • GATE XL
Q2. Which thermodynamic parameter must strictly equal zero when a biochemical reaction reaches dynamic equilibrium at constant temperature and pressure?
- Standard Gibbs free energy change (ΔG°′)
- Standard enthalpy change (ΔH°)
- Actual Gibbs free energy change (ΔG) (Correct Answer)
- Standard entropy change (ΔS°)
Scientific Rationale:
At dynamic chemical equilibrium, the forward and reverse reaction rates are identical, meaning no net work can be extracted; therefore, the actual Gibbs free energy change ΔG = 0. In contrast, the standard free energy change ΔG°′ is a fixed thermodynamic constant under standard transformed conditions (298 K, 1 atm, 1 M reactants, pH 7.0), related to the equilibrium constant by ΔG°′ = -RT ln K′eq.
Cell Biology • Cell Cycle Control • ICMR JRF
Q3. In mammalian cell cycle regulation, which CDK inhibitor family specifically binds and inactivates CDK4 and CDK6 monomers?
- Cip/Kip family (p21, p27, p57)
- INK4 family (p16INK4a, p15INK4b, p18INK4c, p19INK4d) (Correct Answer)
- CDC25 phosphatase family
- Wee1 kinase family
Scientific Rationale:
The INK4 family of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors (including p16INK4a, p15INK4b, p18INK4c, and p19INK4d) binds specifically to monomeric CDK4 and CDK6, sterically preventing their assembly with Cyclin D and inducing an allosteric conformational shift that arrests cells in G1 phase. Conversely, the Cip/Kip family (p21, p27) inhibits a broader spectrum of cyclin-CDK complexes.
Plant Physiology • Photosynthesis • NEET-UG
Q4. In C4 plants, the initial carboxylation of atmospheric carbon dioxide is catalyzed by PEP carboxylase in which specific anatomical tissue?
- Bundle sheath cells
- Mesophyll cells (Correct Answer)
- Epidermal stomatal complex
- Vascular parenchyma
Scientific Rationale:
In C4 photosynthesis (Hatch-Slack pathway exhibiting Kranz anatomy), atmospheric CO2 is initially fixed in mesophyll cells into bicarbonate (HCO3-) by carbonic anhydrase and PEP carboxylase to generate oxaloacetate (4C). This four-carbon malate or aspartate is shuttled to bundle sheath cells, where decarboxylation releases concentrated CO2 for RuBisCO, drastically suppressing photorespiration.
Genetics & Evolution • Population Genetics • CSIR NET
Q5. In a randomly mating diploid population in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, if the frequency of individuals homozygous for a recessive allele (aa) is 0.09, what is the frequency of heterozygous carriers (Aa)?
- 0.09 (9%)
- 0.30 (30%)
- 0.42 (42%) (Correct Answer)
- 0.49 (49%)
Scientific Rationale:
According to the Hardy-Weinberg equation (p² + 2pq + q² = 1): The frequency of homozygous recessive genotype q² = 0.09, meaning the recessive allele frequency q = √0.09 = 0.30. Because p + q = 1, the dominant allele frequency p = 1 − 0.30 = 0.70. The expected frequency of heterozygous carriers is 2pq = 2 × 0.70 × 0.30 = 0.42 (42%).
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